Germany2020 Economic Complexity : 1.88, Rank 4 of 127
2020 Product Exports | Imports: $1.33T | $1.11T, 3 of 226 | 3 of 226
2020 Per Capita Product Exports | Imports: $15.9k | $13.3k, 12 of 219 | 21 of 219
2020 Service Exports | Imports : $235B | $237B, 1 of 65 | 1 of 65
Overview In 2020, Germany was the number 4 economy in the world in terms of GDP (current US$), the number 3 in total exports, the number 3 in total imports, the number 20 economy in terms of GDP per capita (current US$) and the number 4 most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI).
Exports The top exports of Germany are Cars ($123B), Packaged Medicaments ($60.9B), Motor vehicles; parts and accessories (8701 to 8705) ($54.6B), Vaccines, blood, antisera, toxins and cultures ($34.1B), and Planes, Helicopters, and/or Spacecraft ($20.9B), exporting mostly to United States ($116B), China ($106B), France ($101B), Netherlands ($84.8B), and United Kingdom ($74.4B).
In 2020, Germany was the world's biggest exporter of Cars ($123B), Packaged Medicaments ($60.9B), Motor vehicles; parts and accessories (8701 to 8705) ($54.6B), Vaccines, blood, antisera, toxins and cultures ($34.1B), and Centrifuges ($13.3B)
Imports The top imports of Germany are Cars ($68.9B), Motor vehicles; parts and accessories (8701 to 8705) ($36B), Packaged Medicaments ($32.2B), Broadcasting Equipment ($28.7B), and Vaccines, blood, antisera, toxins and cultures ($25.5B), importing mostly from China ($112B), Netherlands ($105B), Poland ($73.1B), France ($65.2B), and Italy ($62.1B).
In 2020, Germany was the world's biggest importer of Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds ($17.7B), Cheese ($4.62B), Precious Metal Scraps ($3.61B), Ball Bearings ($3.61B), and Reaction and Catalytic Products ($3.43B)
Location Germany borders Austria, Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, France, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, and Switzerland by land and Sweden and United Kingdom by sea.
November, 2022
Overview In November 2022 Germany exported €143B and imported €133B, resulting in a positive trade balance of €9.61B. Between November 2021 and November 2022 the exports of Germany have increased by €20.3B (16.6%) from €122B to €143B, while imports increased by €22.1B (19.9%) from €111B to €133B.
Trade In November 2022, the top exports of Germany were Motor cars and motor caravans (€14.9B), Pharmaceutical products (€11B), Chassis, bodies, engines etc. for motor... (€7.4B), Machinery for electricity production, distribution (€6.85B), and Other machinery (€5.34B). In November 2022 the top imports of Germany were Petroleum oil and petroleum gases (€9.56B), Machinery for electricity production, distribution (€7.71B), Motor cars and motor caravans (€6.83B), Pharmaceutical products (€6.49B), and Estimations for non-response (€6.09B).
Origins In November 2022 the exports of Germany were mainly from Baden-Württemberg (€23.5B), Bavaria (€20.6B), North Rhine-Westphalia (€20.5B), Lower Saxony (€9.63B), and Hesse (€7.08B), while imports destinations were mainly North Rhine-Westphalia (€27.1B), Bavaria (€23.1B), Baden-Württemberg (€21.1B), Lower Saxony (€15.1B), and Hesse (€12.1B).
Destinations In November 2022, Germany exported mostly to United States (€14.4B), France (€10.5B), Netherlands (€10.1B), Poland (€8.05B), and Austria (€7.93B), and imported mostly from Netherlands (€10.3B), United States (€8.58B), Poland (€7.36B), Italy (€6.45B), and France (€6.25B).
Growth In November 2022, the increase in Germany's year-by-year exports was explained primarily by an increase in exports to China (€223M or 3.06%), Spain (€81.6M or 3.04%), and Algeria (€39.9M or 43.5%), and product exports increase in Pharmaceutical products (€483M or 7.37%), Office and automatic data processing machines (€224M or 12.2%), and Other semi-finished products (€173M or 15.7%). In November 2022, the increase in Germany's year-by-year imports was explained primarily by an increase in imports from Poland (€191M or 3.93%), South Africa (€164M or 20.8%), and Italy (€95.6M or 2.21%), and product imports increase in Other semi-finished products (€500M or 45.1%), Office and automatic data processing machines (€288M or 8.89%), and Machinery for electricity production, distribution (€278M or 7.19%).
EXPORT GROWTH (November 2021 - November 2022): €20.3B, (16.6%)
IMPORT GROWTH (November 2021 - November 2022): €22.1B, (19.9%)
MAIN EXPORTER (November 2022): Baden-Württemberg, €23.5B
MAIN DESTINATION (November 2022): United States, €14.4B
This section shows exports and imports data at subnational level for Germany. Click any date in the line plot, any subnational region in the geomap, or any product, destination or origin country to explore the exports or imports behavior of Germany over time.
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Top Export (2020): Cars, $123B
Top Destination (2020): United States, $112B
In 2020, Germany exported a total of $1.33T, making it the number 3 exporter in the world. During the last five reported years the exports of Germany have changed by $61.1B from $1.26T in 2015 to $1.33T in 2020.
The most recent exports are led by Cars ($123B), Packaged Medicaments ($60.9B), Motor vehicles; parts and accessories (8701 to 8705) ($54.6B), Vaccines, blood, antisera, toxins and cultures ($34.1B), and Planes, Helicopters, and/or Spacecraft ($20.9B). The most common destination for the exports of Germany are United States ($116B), China ($106B), France ($101B), Netherlands ($84.8B), and United Kingdom ($74.4B).
Germany Exports Services (2020): $235B
Germany Imports Services (2020): $237B
In 2020, Germany exported $235B worth of services. The top services exported by Germany in 2020 were Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($64.3B), Royalties and license fees ($35.9B), Sea transport ($30.8B), Financial services ($20.1B), and Personal travel ($15.5B).
The top services imported by Germany in 2020 were Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($71B), Personal travel ($35.3B), Other transport ($28.3B), Sea transport ($17.5B), and Royalties and license fees ($16B).
Germany has a high level of specialization in Electric Locomotives (6.06), Hops (5.25), Artificial Textile Machinery (5.15), Cermets (4.47), and Microscopes (4.45). Specialization is measured using RCA, an index that takes the ratio between Germany observed and expected exports in each product.
The highest complexity exports of Germany according to the product complexity index (PCI) are Metalworking Transfer Machines (2.55), Developed Exposed Photographic Material (2.45), Metalworking Machines (2.09), Cermets (2.08), and Artificial Textile Machinery (2.02). PCI measures the knowledge intensity of a product by considering the knowledge intensity of its exporters.
The top export opportunities for Germany according to the relatedness index, are Photo Lab Equipment (0.55), Vegetable Parchment (0.54), Photographic Chemicals (0.53), Wood Tar, Oils and Pitch (0.53), and Hormones (0.53). Relatedness measures the distance between a country's current exports and each product. The barchart show only products that Germany is not specialized in.
The product space is a network connecting products that are likely to be co-exported. The product space can be used to predict future exports, since countries are more likely to start exporting products that are related to current exports. Relatedness measures the distance between a product, and all of the products a country currently specializes in.
The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk vs strategic value of a country's potential export oppotunities. Relatedness is predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth, less income inequality, and lower greenhouse emissions.
During the last 20 years Germany's economy has become relatively less complex, moving from the 2nd to the 4th position in the ECI rank.
These economic complexity rankings use 6 digit exports classified according to the HS96 classification. We consider only countries with population of at least 1 million and exports of at least $1 billion, and products with world trade over $500 million. To explore different rankings and vary these parameters visit the custom rankings section.
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